[
  {
    "claimId": "iwd_2026_date",
    "topic": "holiday_calendar",
    "period": "2026",
    "metric": "International Women's Day date",
    "value": "2026-03-08",
    "unit": "date",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "egov.kz",
    "sourceUrl": "https://egov.kz/cms/ru/articles/employment_relations/holidays-calend",
    "notes": "Official holiday date for International Women's Day in Kazakhstan."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "iwd_2026_observed",
    "topic": "holiday_calendar",
    "period": "2026",
    "metric": "Observed day off",
    "value": "2026-03-09",
    "unit": "date",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "egov.kz",
    "sourceUrl": "https://egov.kz/cms/ru/articles/employment_relations/holidays-calend",
    "notes": "March 8, 2026 falls on Sunday and the day off transfers to Monday, March 9."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2023_volume",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2023",
    "metric": "Cut flowers and buds imports",
    "value": 8200,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "The Astana Times",
    "sourceUrl": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/04/roses-are-red-how-kazakh-flower-industry-shifts-from-global-imports-to-local-blossoms",
    "notes": "Bureau of National Statistics figure cited by The Astana Times."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2023_value",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2023",
    "metric": "Cut flowers and buds imports",
    "value": 61.2,
    "unit": "million USD",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "The Astana Times",
    "sourceUrl": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/04/roses-are-red-how-kazakh-flower-industry-shifts-from-global-imports-to-local-blossoms",
    "notes": "Bureau of National Statistics figure cited by The Astana Times."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2024_volume",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2024",
    "metric": "Cut flowers and buds imports",
    "value": 12300,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "The Astana Times",
    "sourceUrl": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/04/roses-are-red-how-kazakh-flower-industry-shifts-from-global-imports-to-local-blossoms",
    "notes": "Bureau of National Statistics figure cited by The Astana Times."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2024_value",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2024",
    "metric": "Cut flowers and buds imports",
    "value": 93.5,
    "unit": "million USD",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "The Astana Times",
    "sourceUrl": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/04/roses-are-red-how-kazakh-flower-industry-shifts-from-global-imports-to-local-blossoms",
    "notes": "Bureau of National Statistics figure cited by The Astana Times."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2025_volume",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Cut flowers and buds imports",
    "value": 10900,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9821918/kazakhstan-tulip-production-expands-amid-high-import-dependence/",
    "notes": "FloralDaily reports 10,900 tonnes in 2025, compared with 12,300 tonnes in 2024."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2025_value",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Cut flowers and buds imports",
    "value": 77.7,
    "unit": "million USD",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "January-December 2025 import value cited from Bureau of National Statistics via Energyprom."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2025_volume_change",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Cut flowers import volume change",
    "value": -11.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Year-over-year change in cut flower and bud imports."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "imports_2025_value_change",
    "topic": "market_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Cut flowers import value change",
    "value": -17,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Year-over-year change in import value."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "tulip_imports_annual",
    "topic": "tulips",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Annual tulip imports",
    "value": 100,
    "unit": "million stems",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / KhabarNEWS",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9821918/kazakhstan-tulip-production-expands-amid-high-import-dependence/",
    "notes": "Reported as around 100 million tulips imported annually."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "astana_greenhouse_tulips",
    "topic": "march_8_supply",
    "period": "2026",
    "metric": "Tulips prepared by one greenhouse complex",
    "value": 150000,
    "unit": "stems",
    "geography": "Akmola/Astana area",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / KhabarNEWS",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9821918/kazakhstan-tulip-production-expands-amid-high-import-dependence/",
    "notes": "One greenhouse near Astana prepared around 150,000 tulips for the March 8 peak period."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "astana_greenhouse_varieties",
    "topic": "march_8_supply",
    "period": "2026",
    "metric": "Tulip varieties prepared by one greenhouse complex",
    "value": 35,
    "unit": "varieties",
    "geography": "Akmola/Astana area",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / KhabarNEWS",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9821918/kazakhstan-tulip-production-expands-amid-high-import-dependence/",
    "notes": "Variety count for the same March 8 greenhouse preparation."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "domestic_output_2025",
    "topic": "domestic_production",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Gross flower output",
    "value": 42.2,
    "unit": "million stems",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816424/kazakhstan-increases-domestic-flower-production-as-regional-prices-diverge/",
    "notes": "Gross domestic flower output in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "domestic_output_growth_2025",
    "topic": "domestic_production",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Gross flower output growth",
    "value": 4.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816424/kazakhstan-increases-domestic-flower-production-as-regional-prices-diverge/",
    "notes": "Year-over-year growth in gross flower output."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "greenhouse_share_2025",
    "topic": "domestic_production",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Share of production from greenhouses",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816424/kazakhstan-increases-domestic-flower-production-as-regional-prices-diverge/",
    "notes": "Reported as around 90% of domestic production."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "almaty_region_output_2025",
    "topic": "domestic_production",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Almaty region flower output",
    "value": 32.4,
    "unit": "million stems",
    "geography": "Almaty region",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816424/kazakhstan-increases-domestic-flower-production-as-regional-prices-diverge/",
    "notes": "Almaty region production in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "rose_imports_2025",
    "topic": "flower_type_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Rose imports",
    "value": 139.8,
    "unit": "million stems",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Roses remained the most imported flower type in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "rose_import_value_2025",
    "topic": "flower_type_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Rose import value",
    "value": 49,
    "unit": "million USD",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Rose imports had the highest value among flower types."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "rose_import_change_2025",
    "topic": "flower_type_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Rose import volume change",
    "value": -12.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Year-over-year change in rose import volume."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "chrysanthemum_imports_2025",
    "topic": "flower_type_imports",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Chrysanthemum imports",
    "value": 21,
    "unit": "million stems",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Chrysanthemum import volume in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "ecuador_imports_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Ecuador flower imports",
    "value": 4600,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Ecuador remained the largest supplier by volume."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "ecuador_share_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Ecuador share of imports",
    "value": 44,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Ecuador's share declined from 54.3% to 44%."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "china_imports_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "China flower imports",
    "value": 2700,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "China ranked second by volume in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "china_share_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "China share of imports",
    "value": 21.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "China's market share rose from 8% to 21.5%."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "netherlands_imports_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Netherlands flower imports",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Netherlands supplier volume in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "colombia_imports_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Colombia flower imports",
    "value": 778,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Colombia supplier volume in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "kenya_imports_2025",
    "topic": "supplier_countries",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Kenya flower imports",
    "value": 739,
    "unit": "tonnes",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "FloralDaily / Energyprom",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.floraldaily.com/article/9816427/kazakhstan-reduces-flower-imports-as-ecuador-s-share-declines/",
    "notes": "Kenya supplier volume in 2025."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "tulips_lead_march",
    "topic": "seasonal_demand",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Tulips lead in March",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "boolean",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "The Astana Times",
    "sourceUrl": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/04/roses-are-red-how-kazakh-flower-industry-shifts-from-global-imports-to-local-blossoms",
    "notes": "Market expert cited by The Astana Times says tulips lead in March."
  },
  {
    "claimId": "roses_chrysanthemums_year_round",
    "topic": "seasonal_demand",
    "period": "2025",
    "metric": "Roses and chrysanthemums year-round favorites",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "boolean",
    "geography": "Kazakhstan",
    "sourceName": "The Astana Times",
    "sourceUrl": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/04/roses-are-red-how-kazakh-flower-industry-shifts-from-global-imports-to-local-blossoms",
    "notes": "Market expert cited by The Astana Times says roses and chrysanthemums remain year-round favorites."
  }
]